Prevalence of lead toxicity in adolescents in Kuwait

Abstract Background Elevated blood lead level (EBLL) is a public health problem in both developing and industrialized countries. Being petrochemical-based economy, (Pb) levels are expected to be high Kuwait, but systematic data on population exposure lacking. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of EBLL adolescents Kuwait. Methods Adolescents ( N = 1385; age range 11–16 years) were cross-sectionally selected from middle schools all Governorates utilizing multistage cluster random sampling. Pb whole was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Distribution (BLL) among sexes compared non-parametric tests (defined as BLL above CDC reference ≥5 μg/dL) estimated χ 2 test. Binary logistic regression used for assessing association between Governorate. Results Median (IQR) 5.1(3.6–7.1) μg/dL [4.9 (3.8–6.5) males 5.4 (3.3–7.6) females; p 0.001]. In overall sample, 51% had μg/dL; 13% ≥10 3% > 20 μg/dL. Prevalence 47% 56% females < 0.001). EBLLs clustered Al-Asima, Al-Ahmadi (in sexes); Al-Jahra males) Mubarak Al-Kabeer females) Governorates. Conclusions significant Urgent intervention required areas with EBLL, sources need identified prevention.